?In Just One Weekend You?ll Discover Everything You Need To Start Or Grow Your Business Using The Internet?? ? The secret to more customers, more sales, more website traffic, more free time, and more money is LITERALLY at your fingertips? and it?s WAY easier than you think! (We?ll show you how to get it!) Join?
Source: http://advantagebizmag.com/archives/14452
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Source: http://video.msnbc.msn.com/nightly-news/49616050/
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"Cruise-goers hitting the high seas on the Disney Fantasy experienced a less than relaxing ride near Miami Friday as rough waves from Hurricane Sandy trashed the 13-story ship.
Passenger Dr. David Evans videotaped the ship's pool overflowing onto the deck and hallways, doors slamming shut, gift shop items flung to the ground, broken glass, overturned furniture, and other damage."
Source: http://www.offradarcruisenews.com/2012/10/hurricane-sandy-trashes-disney-fantasy.html
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Posted by Mia Nicholson on Oct 30, 2012 in Music | 0 comments Vanessa and Angela?Simmons, Fonzworth?Bentley, Pusha?T, T.I, Meek Mill, Beenie?Man, Naughty by Nature,? ?2 Chainz, Cool Kids, Fred Hammond, Elle Varner, and Drake are among the list of the people who made an?appearance?at Howard University?s 88th Homecoming celebration.Every year college students, Howard Alumni, and major?celebrities?travel across the country to attend Howard?University?s?Homecoming celebration.
Howard?s homecoming has been mentioned in songs such as ?Kick in the Door? by Notorious B.IG , ?Pimpin All over the World? by Ludacris and ?Pretty? Girls Remix? by Wale.
I will be honest; my freshman year experience at Howard Homecoming was exciting merely due to the fact that it was the first. But this year was nothing short of perfection.
Though the traditional events such as the Comedy Show, Poetry Cipher, R&B show , and midnight madness were sacrificed to make the main event , International Yardfest, bigger than years past; there was no slighted feelings at all.
Homecoming kicked off October 17 with the newest edition to the lineup, Dream Day. A day full of career development, entertainment, film, and music industry panels, and a 4 hours career fair enticed Howard students to start off Homecoming on a positive note. Vanessa and Angela, Issa?Rae, and Entrepreneur Necole ?Bitchie?.
The following night, Howard students and alumni alike, donned their red carpet best to attend the Fashion Show featuring guest performer Elle Varner. The performance was nothing less than spectacular.
On Friday October 20th, was the only free event and the most anticipated, International Yardfest. ?The atmosphere is filled with food vendors, families, and music from artist such as Naughty by Nature, Beenie Man. The headliner this year drew a crowd like no other. With surprise guest appearances from none other than Drake and T.I , the crowd had no choice but to literally lose control.
2 Chainz performed hit songs such as ?Duffle Bag Boy?, ?Riot?, ?Crack?, ?Dope Peddler?, ?Birthday Song?, ?I Luv Dem Strippers?, and ?Beez in the Trap? to turn up the crowd.
During Meek Mills set, the skies opened out and shared a few showers, but by the time T.I surprised the crowd, there was a full blown monsoon.
Though I ended that night running an hiding?for cover in all the buildings on campus, it was undeniably the highlight of homecoming and one of the most memorable International Yardfest celebrations in years.
Though Yardfest was untouchable, the Step Show came quite close. Each Greek of the Divine Nine showed up and showed out. After a long deliberation, Delta Sigma Theta Sorority Incorporated and Alpha Phi Alpha Fraternity Incorporated took home the prizes this year.
All the homecoming events ended with the one thing all the students needed after a weekend of nonstop chaos; the Gospel Show. Fred Hammond ministered to an auditorium full of students, ending Howard University?s 88th Homecoming on a high.
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Source: http://limerencemag.com/2012/10/theres-no-place-like-home-coming-2/
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ROME (Reuters) - Sicilian local election results will provide clues on Monday to the political impact of Silvio Berlusconi's threat to withdraw support from Prime Minister Mario Monti's government before next year's national election.
Sicilians voted on Sunday for a new regional government but counting only began the next day. An exit poll in regional capital Palermo conducted for local TRM television showed the anti-establishment 5 Star Movement leading with 26 percent.
Turnout was low, with more than half those eligible to vote staying away from a poll seen as a pointer toward the parliamentary election expected in April.
Initial results are expected later in the day, with the focus on the center-right and the 5 Star Movement of comic Beppe Grillo, which has pledged to fight waste and corruption in local politics. A strong performance for the 5 Star Movement, after its success in local polls in May, would reinforce its status as the main vehicle for disillusion with mainstream parties.
However, Berlusconi's threat on Saturday to unseat the Monti government has complicated the electoral outlook.
The billionaire former prime minister, convicted of tax fraud last week, attacked Monti's austerity policies, announcing that his center-right party People of Freedom (PDL) may withdraw support from the technocrat government.
That threat, just days after Berlusconi had announced he would not run as leader of the center-right in the election, has underscored Italy's political confusion.
The weakened PDL is itself split between Berlusconi loyalists, an uncertain faction of former allies from the old National Alliance party and a more moderate, pro-Monti wing.
"The Monti government guarantees the credibility of Italy," former Foreign Minister Franco Frattini, prominent in the moderate faction, told the Corriere della Sera daily on Monday.
He said he hoped the PDL leadership would decide "with a broad consensus" to maintain its year-long backing for Monti's unelected technocrat government in parliament.
TEST IN SICILY
Berlusconi was forced to step down almost exactly a year ago at the height of a financial crisis which threatened to push Italy's huge public debt out of control.
Markets had reacted nervously to the prospect of uncertainty in the euro zone's third largest economy and yields on Italy's 10-year BTP bonds, hovered just under five percent, 345 basis points over the yield of benchmark German Bunds.
Earlier this month, helped by the European Central Bank's pledge of strong action to combat the crisis, the spread had narrowed to as little as 313 points.
PDL secretary Angelino Alfano, 41, had been expected to lead a post-Berlusconi renewal of the party, but his credibility has been severely tested by his patron's repeated interventions and the Sicilian vote will test his ability to lead.
Sicily, a byword for wasteful and corrupt administration, has an unemployment rate almost twice the national average and its economy has suffered badly in Italy's nationwide recession.
The election is expected to reflect the gloomy mood of Italian voters, wearied by repeated tax hikes and spending cuts and disgusted by a wave of political scandals.
The PDL lags in national opinion polls behind the center left Democratic Party (PD) and the 5 Star Movement. A poor showing in Sicily would exacerbate internal tensions which Alfano has struggled to contain.
The former justice minister, a Sicilian widely seen as a moderate, has been favourite to win a primary for the PDL leadership, but that could change if the Sicilian vote goes badly.
The divisions at national level are reflected locally, where the main center right candidate for governor, Nello Musumeci, is challenged by a rebel former PDL boss, Gianfranco Micciche.
Musumeci, backed by Alfano, had been leading a tight, fragmented race ahead of Rosario Crocetta, the openly gay, anti-mafia candidate of the center-left. Micciche, now a bitter enemy of Alfano, may end up as kingmaker.
(Editing by Alistair Lyon)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/sicilian-vote-berlusconi-threat-add-italy-uncertainty-094638500.html
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We live in the world of social media networks, places on the Internet where some create and share and all consume.
Number of users, millions and hundreds of millions on some networks, a billion on other, not only that provide a great way for us to instantly communicate, share, spread ideas or messages but they also enable us to create so important online visibility, one that may be important to us as individuals and businesses alike.
Part of our series on establishing online presence?
Presence on social media is now for a number of years an essential part of our (online) life?s. Our active life on social media creates already mentioned visibility. If that visibility is work related it may positively influence the bottom line. If you were ignoring their existence and postponing creation of an active presence on social media you should stop that and start creating profiles now.
Positive effect your presence may have on online visibility of your business, product or service should not be ignored.
Search engines look for a new content. More often you publish, more likely they?ll as result crawl your web site more often. Keywords in your content relevant to what your audience is looking for, when performing a search, may as result have your page listed among the first ten, what gives you better chances of bringing visitors to your web site.
By sharing that same content on Twitter, Google + or Facebook page, for an example, we are reaching even further with our content, into places where potentially one simple click on Share button separates us from a large number of users who are daily engaging with ever growing number of their friends and followers.
Today, static web site may not produce a marketing results we want without a chain reaction social media visibility may help create.
You may say that you have a static web site on the Internet and this is your online marketing strategy. Sooner you realize that with it alone, it will be hard to stand out among millions, let along to end up on the first page of search results, better chances you may have to get some results from a change that will include social media.
Fresh content on your active web site should come to light as often as possible, then, it should be shared on social media networks. Once your content is out there, it can easily overflow on the other social networks that your friends may prefer to use.
While sharing your content, your interaction with almost anyone out there among one and half billion people who are using the Internet, is just another simple way of creating visibility.
When thinking about increasing an online visibility of your personal profile, business, product or a service, first step you should consider taking is, if not yet, create a blog. Blog will unable you to publish new articles quickly, add photographs, video or almost any content on your own, whenever and wherever from you want. Publish as often as possible.
To have a Blog up and running is an easy task that probably anyone out there can perform on their own. See one of the options on how it is done?
Following step should be an account on Google+, Twitter, Facebook page for your business, Youtube, Flickr, Pinterest and any other social media platform that can serve as an extended marketing tool.
Then, just keep them alive, at least occasionally create a new content, share, like, follow and be followed, become visible.
To busy at work? No time for, at least occasional, social media presence? There may be a solution to your problem right around the corner and that may be as simple as an option to hire someone?
? like us! ? ?
Source: http://www.worldthroughnews.com/go/social-media-visibility/
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| Date: | Thursday, November 01, 2012 |
|---|---|
| Time: | 09:30 AM ? 11:30 AM |
| Location: | The 519 Church Street Community Centre, 519 Church Street, Toronto Greater Toronto Area |
Community Legal Education Ontario (CLEO) invites service providers to participate in a focus group on Legal Information for Immigrants.
CLEO is doing a small research project on public legal education materials and desired formats related to immigration issues. The outcome of the research will inform CLEO?s future work in this area.
Light Refreshments will be provided.
Please RSVP to attend.
| Name: | westond@idirect.com |
|---|
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Source: http://www.settlementatwork.org/_event_/96648
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Residents up and down the East Coast are preparing for what forecasters predict could be the worst storm in two generations as Hurricane Sandy is strengthening, putting 50 million people at risk.
The eye of Sandy is forecast to make landfall late Monday night in Atlantic City, N.J., bringing with it life-threatening storm surges, forceful winds and rainfall that could cripple transportation and leave millions without power. But the force of the storm was already evident as powerful winds and high seas already began lashing the coast Sunday night.
The size and power of the storm are almost without equal as several systems will combine to wreak havok on a large section of the nation -- from North Carolina to New England as far west as the Great Lakes.
Hurricane Sandy: Live Storm Tracker
Hurricane Sandy's maximum sustained winds increased to 85 mph overnight. As of 5 a.m., Sandy was centered about 385 miles southeast of New York City, and moving north at 15 mph, according to the National Hurricane Center.
On the East Coast, a storm surge is expected along a 600-mile stretch of the Atlantic along with rainfall in places of 6 to 10 inches and even more, and waves 20 to 25 feet are possible on the south side of Lake Michigan Monday night into Wednesday.
"We want to prepare people for the worst," New Jersey Gov. Chris Christie said Sunday, warning that some residents could be without power for more than a week.
As of 6 a.m. today, Jersey Central Power and Light was reporting 4,671 customers without power in northern New Jersey, according to ABC News' New York station WABC-TV.
Christie urged people in the path of Hurricane Sandy to "remain calm and listen to instructions."
Hurricane Sandy: Live Updates
A wind gust of 64 mph was recorded just south of Wilmington, N.C., shortly before 5 a.m. today. The highest rainfall total recorded was almost six inches in Dare County, N.C.
Tens of thousands of people in coastal areas have been ordered to evacuate their homes before Hurricane Sandy pounds the eastern third of the United States.
States of emergency were declared from North Carolina to Connecticut. Coastal communities in Delaware were ordered to evacuate by 8 p.m. Sunday night, and all non-emergency vehicles were ordered to stay off the state's roads beginning at 5 a.m. Monday.
"While the predicted track of Hurricane Sandy has shifted a number of times over the last 24 hours, it has become clear that the state will be affected by high winds, heavy rainfall, and flooding, especially along the coastline for a several day period," Delaware Gov. Jack Markell said. "These factors, along with the potential for power outages, have convinced me that the prudent thing to do is have people leave most of our coastal communities."
Sandy is expected to bring potentially life-threatening storm surges on the coast, ranging from several feet to potentially as high as 11 feet in the Long Island Sound area of New York, said Rick Knabb, director of the National Hurricane Center.
Hurricane Sandy: Full Coverage
Sandy will meet up with cold front coming from the northwest and a high pressure system from Greenland, fueling it with enough energy to make it more powerful than the so-called "Perfect Storm" in 1991, meteorologists say.
"The size of the storm is going to carve a pretty large swath of bad weather," Knabb said. "This is not just a coastal event."
The first rainfall from the megastorm already began to hit the coast of Virginia, Delaware and New Jersey Sunday night and forecasters warn it could bring inland flooding around Maryland and Pennsylvania. A blizzard warning was issued for portions of West Virginia, where Sandy could bring up to two feet of snow.
FEMA administrator Craig Fugate urged people in Sandy's path to take the storm seriously and to heed any evacuation orders.
"The time for preparing and talking is about over. People need to be acting now," Fugate said.
New York City transit officials shut down the subway system, the largest rapid transit system in the world at 7 p.m. Sunday. Sandy could potentially create a storm surge capable of overtopping the Manhattan flood walls, filling the subway tunnels with water.
New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg ordered the evacuation of areas of lower Manhattan and the Rockaways.
"If you don't evacuate, you are not only endangering your life, you are also endangering the lives of the first responders who are going in to rescue you," Bloomberg said at a news conference. "This is a serious and dangerous storm."
New York City Schools will also be closed Monday, Bloomberg said.
Given its size and expected duration of two to three days, Sandy could turn out to be comparable to 1991's Hurricane Grace, also known as the "Perfect Storm," and a cyclone that struck near the Appalachians in November 1950, FEMA administrator Craig Fugate said. But, Fugate said, officials don't try to make historical comparisons until after a storm hits.
7 Devastating Hurricanes: Where Will Sandy Rank?
Power Outages
Power companies are being proactive before Sandy makes landfall, trimming trees and putting equipment place to hopefully minimize the number of people left without power after the storm.
Last year, Hurricane Irene left 7 million homes without power in the same area Sandy is expected to batter with wind and rain.
Hurricane Sandy: Supplies You Should Have
"The best thing is to be prepared, and I think that's where we are. We're prepared for what the worst will bring," said Vince Maione, who has been with Atlantic City Electric, a company serving south New Jersey, for 28 years.
Travel Woes
Sunday also brought more than 1,000 flight cancelations, with 5,559 expected for Monday and 613 cancelled for Tuesday, Flight Aware reported. The most affected airport today was Newark with 305 cancellations.
ABCs of Hurricane Sandy Travel
People scheduled to fly to or from the eastern third of the country are encouraged to check their flight status.
ABC News' Russell Goldman, Sydney Lupkin and Genevieve Shaw Brown contributed to this report.
Also ReadSource: http://gma.yahoo.com/hurricane-sandy-put-50m-people-risk-030719171--abc-news-topstories.html
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Personal development is the pursuit of learning, developing, honing and mastering the skills that help you become the best that you can, with all that you have.
It is the reaching for, and realizing of your full potential as a human being.
You want to live a full, productive life, but sometimes, you just don?t know where to begin.
There is so much information ?out there? that it can be overwhelming and hard to choose what is right for you.
Depending on your concerns what seems to work for one person, may not necessarily work for you.
There are so many different ideas, strategies, advice and techniques that it?s hard to chose the right one.
One thing, however, is certain. If you want to achieve anything in your life and realise your full potential, you must have some practical and positive skills ? life skills.
In order to excel at work, in a sport or in your relationships, you must acquire and master certain skills. Living your life fully, productively and with enjoyment is no different.
Crucially possessing life skills enables you to deal with the life?s inevitable challenges and adversities more effectively. It reduces your chances of procrastinating, finding yourself getting frustrated and stressed, engaging in addictive behaviours, and experiencing overall despair and hopelessness.
When you have the proper tools and actions at your disposal, you have more control over your life and time making you happier and more confident.
Taking the first steps
Your first step is establishing a firm foundation. That foundation must be ?you?. You need to know who you are, what you want, and what you are capable of. You must then determine which values, goals and principles you will establish to guide your actions.
Learning about and applying essential life skills will help you. It will help you to:
The hardest part in dealing with any major challenge is taking the first step, however once you do, there is a surprising positive and snowball effect. You will begin to feel good about what you?re doing and you?ll want to take further steps.You will want to keep improving yourself and to become the very best that you can be.
Your continuing journey of personal development will make you aware that there is so much more knowledge and information to be discovered, and uncovered, than you ever thought possible ? knowledge about yourself, knowledge about others, knowledge about life and the world around you.
A fantastic life experience controlled by you, if you make a start.Personal development is about wanting and pursuing new experiences, knowledge and excellent relationships. Nothing should be left out in your pursuit of finding your future self and life fulfilment.
You desire the best for you and what you want
To support you and encourage you in your pursuit of improvement and in expanding your confidence, I suggest you to read and explore every area of interest that excites you.
Read inspirational quotes, and personal development articles that include helpful tips and actions, as well as other interesting advice.
The good news is that acquiring essential life skills will not only contribute to your personal growth and development, it will make you a more interesting and dynamic individual.
Why are these new skills and experiences essential?
Without them you will always feel that something is missing in your life. What good is all the financial success in the world if you don?t have self-confidence, or know who you really are, what you want, or what you?re doing here?
We?ve all witnessed many outwardly successful and famous people who have not been able to find personal happiness. No amount of fame or fortune could fill the void they felt inside.
Your steps to achieve more of your development potential confirm that it is important to follow a plan that includes actions to:
Develop a healthy self esteem by:
Use your time effectively:
Fill any idle time with useful action:
The opportunities to develop yourself fill the internet, books, advice centres and your friends.
CHOOSE THOSE THAT WILL BUILD YOUR CONFIDENCE AND MAKE YOU OPTIMISTIC ABOUT YOUR FUTURE.
Good Luck!!
?
Article by Derek R B
About the Author :?Derek Butcher, Coach. Consultant and Trainer for 35 years. CEO of http://www.time champions.com/learning and http://www.timechampons.com/personal-development
Category: Healthy Spirit
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Source: http://stek.org/videos/abs-part-1-forgotten-movements-dean-ash/
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On any given day, Frank Hanna will take a lot of phone calls. Most of the calls pertain to business; some, of course, are personal. And then, occasionally, there are times when the phone rings with a solicitation for charity.
Oftentimes it would be a friend, calling to ask for a donation to a favorite cause. For years, Hanna would listen patiently, agree that the charity indeed sounded worthy, and offer a contribution. He tried to keep the transaction time to a minimum.
But these calls began to bother Hanna. It wasn?t the money. Hanna is a highly successful merchant banker in Atlanta. He could easily afford the donations. And it wasn?t the time. He was good about keeping the calls short.
No, what bothered him was the haphazardness of it all. It seemed so scattershot, so directionless, that it was almost irresponsible. This, he realized, is not how I conduct my business affairs. Why should philanthropy be any different? He would often have occasion to recall F. A. Harper?s remark: ?Giving in many instances is really little more than the cost of peacefully evicting a well-intentioned trespasser.? In any event, this wasn?t at all what philanthropy was supposed to be.
Philanthropy should be approached with the same diligence as business: with an engaged and critical mind. It shouldn?t rely merely on cold calls. It should be undertaken with focus, discipline, and intelligence. At its best, philanthropy could even be a vocation, a Calling.
Just taking calls, he realized, was keeping him from answering the Calling.
***
Since that realization some 20 years ago, Frank Hanna has purposefully pursued the vocation of the philanthropist. Towards that end, he has developed a set of principles for thinking through the theory and practice of effective philanthropic giving. Those carefully wrought principles guide his support for the promotion of cultural renewal, educational opportunity, and his own Catholic faith. Indeed, Hanna is widely regarded as a precise strategic philanthropist, a donor who judiciously directs his funds to the point of maximal impact. In recognition of his long, quiet labors, The Philanthropy Roundtable has selected him as the winner of the 2007 William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership.
The William E. Simon Prize for Philanthropic Leadership honors living philanthropists whose charitable giving has shown exemplary effectiveness. The Prize celebrates the principles which guided Mr. Simon?s many charitable initiatives, including personal responsibility, resourcefulness, volunteerism, scholarship, individual freedom, faith in God, and helping people to help themselves. The winner of the Prize receives a $250,000 award, payable to the charity of his or her choice. Previous recipients include Richard and Helen DeVos, Dr. Ben Carson, David Robinson, Sir John M. Templeton, Raymond G. Chambers, and the late John T. Walton. Hanna will receive the Prize at the Annual Meeting of The Philanthropy Roundtable, on Friday, November 9th, in Dana Point, California.
***
Frank J. Hanna III is a deeply thoughtful man. He listens to questions attentively, and will often pause and think before replying. When he answers, he speaks in measured and considered sentences, with the honeysuckle drawl of his native Georgia. In conversation, he is equally comfortable discussing finance, philanthropy, philosophy?and baseball.
For Hanna, the idea of philanthropy as a Calling has powerful religious resonance. He and his family are devout Roman Catholics, whose support for the church extends from their local parish to the Vatican. He is a Knight of the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory, and his work within the church includes his efforts as a Knight of the Order of the Holy Sepulcher, a Knight of the Order of Malta, a board member of the Papal Foundation, and a member of Regnum Christi. Through it all, Hanna has also coached little league soccer and basketball, and taught Sunday School.
That same dedication characterizes Hanna?s career. His achievements are extraordinary. He was named a National Merit Scholar and a Truman Scholar before graduating, with First Honors, from the business college of the University of Georgia. He went on to study law at the University of Georgia, where he took his degree, cum laude, in 1986. After a stint as a corporate attorney for Troutman Sanders, LLP, Hanna accepted a position as Group Vice President, Finance and Administration, for Nationwide Credit. In 1989, he co-founded Account Portfolios Management, Inc. In his role as chief executive officer, he oversaw the purchase and management of portfolios of non-performing loans and accounts receivable. Three years later, he founded HBR Capital, Ltd., which he has headed ever since, guiding the firm as it invests in financial services and information-processing enterprises.
***
If you ask Hanna about philanthropy, be prepared for a nuanced disquisition on the nature of property, the legitimate purposes of wealth, and the moral imperatives of the virtuous life. His conclusion, however, is relatively simple. In essence, he believes that people should give away all non-essential wealth within their lifetime.
But what, exactly, constitutes non-essential wealth? The term seems to suggest that some wealth may, in fact, be essential. According to Hanna, essential wealth provides for the fundamentals of life. It includes provision for the bare necessities of life?food, water, shelter?both for ourselves and for those who depend on us. It likewise extends to our genuine needs, things that, though not strictly necessary for survival, nevertheless make life minimally comfortable?eyeglasses, for instance, or dental care. Genuine professional needs count as essential. Even beneficial goods?like traveling abroad or attending the symphony?can qualify as essential, since they genuinely improve us, even if we would still be able to flourish without them, if to a slightly lesser degree. Only once it exists beyond provision for these fundamental needs does wealth become non-essential.
Yet even non-essential wealth has the potential to serve highly productive ends. When actively and intelligently invested, it can lead to the creation of still more wealth?which in turn means more prosperity for more people. When non-essential wealth sits idly, however, earning mere market returns, it can become dangerous. Hanna is willing to explain at length and in detail how such idle, non-essential wealth threatens those who have it, and those whom they love. It can corrupt the soul, breeding arrogance and laziness; it can threaten identities and lead to irrational guilt. It can become a distraction and a frustration; it can destroy a healthy sense of limitation, and delay the resolution of real problems.
For that reason, Hanna recommends as a safeguard against such dangers, donating a regular percentage of one?s wealth to philanthropy. His baseline suggestion is for whichever of these is greatest: either 10 percent of one?s annual increase in net worth, or 10 percent of one?s annual living expenses, or an amount equal to one?s net worth, divided by the number of years that one can reasonably be expected to live.? The proposal tries to approximate the venerable tradition of tithing, which makes relatively modest demands with absolutely regular consistency.
Crucially, Hanna stresses the importance of starting to give immediately. To delay the start of a philanthropic regimen is to beset oneself with problems. For one thing, there is always a reason to hold off for a little while longer. For another, delay denies help to those who need immediate assistance. For still another, delay forecloses the opportunity to teach philanthropy within the family. Starting a philanthropic regimen is like opening a school of virtue, where future heirs may begin to learn the art of giving?while being gently reminded that they have no absolute claim to non-essential wealth.
Resolving to give away non-essential wealth is the first step. Next comes determining how best to do so. It?s a question that has long occupied Hanna?s mind.
***
To Hanna, philanthropy is an undertaking that must be conducted according to the ?obligation of prudence.? Prudence is a term widely misunderstood today, but the concept enjoys a long and distinguished philosophical pedigree. Aristotle considered prudence the queen of the moral virtues; it alone involved both mind and will. Prudence, Aristotle argued, has a twofold intellectual component. It first determines the moral ends to be attained; then it designs the means best suited to their attainment. Once its intellectual work is accomplished, prudence must govern the appetites in order to attain the goal identified with the means designed.
Among businessmen, the obligation of prudence is intuitively understood and rigorously applied. But philanthropists?even the successful entrepreneurs among them?often seem to lose sight of it. For one thing, they are sometimes so impressed by manifest good intentions that they overlook the prudential imperative. The heart, alas, can overpower the head. Further complicating matters is the perennial problem of comparing moral goods. Who?s to say that it?s better to fund a soup kitchen than to build a healthcare clinic? Can we know for certain that it?s better to establish a primary school than to rehabilitate prisoners? The head, unfortunately, can be overwhelmed.
But the real obstacle for the prudent philanthropist is the absence of a common basis for measuring effectiveness. ?How do I measure success?? asks Hanna. ?How do I measure failure? These questions are the bane of philanthropy.? In business, money provides a common unit of measurement for comparing investments. Every businessman understands the concept of return on investment; profit margins are profit margins across all market sectors.
Philanthropy, however, lacks a definitive way to establish success. ?You have to move from an absolute measurement to a more relative or comparative measurement,? Hanna observes. ?It?s an inexact science. But there?s no point in getting too frustrated with the inexactitude. After all, raising children is an inexact science?but that doesn?t mean we shouldn?t do it.? Inexactitude simply requires additional care, a fact as true of philanthropy as parenting.
For that reason, Hanna has developed a set of prudential principles to guide his charitable giving. He begins with the first question of prudence: What are the moral goods to be pursued? The answer, he has discovered, subscribes to what he calls the Principle of Indispensability: ?Support indispensable causes to which your support is indispensable.?
According to Hanna, donors should direct their funds only to causes they deem truly essential. ?I believe,? he writes, ?that the charities to which we give significant help should themselves be indispensable. In other words, their success should bring to mankind physical, intellectual, moral, or spiritual benefits of the most important kind, benefits without which mankind (or particular individuals) would be fundamentally diminished.?
Once philanthropists have identified the indispensable causes, they should restrict their donations to charities for which their support is truly indispensable. A small contribution to a massive organization will have marginal influence, at best. A series of marginal contributions is hardly better. Funds are always best spent where they will be put to the most effective use. If the organization can succeed without this donation, the money would be better spent on an organization that absolutely needs the funds to attain its objectives.
The Principle of Indispensability is designed to help maximize the leverage of charitable contributions. ?Archimedes is credited with discovering how to use a lever to get seemingly disproportionate results,? says Hanna. ?But Archimedes didn?t just stick his lever anywhere. He had to find the point of maximal leverage.? So too with philanthropy: Charitable donations achieve seemingly disproportionate results when they are directed to the point of maximal leverage.
***
The Principle of Indispensability meets the first criterion of prudence; it identifies the moral goods to be attained. The second criterion of prudence, meanwhile, demands that adequate means be devised to achieve these moral ends. Hanna has devoted considerable thought to this second element of prudential philanthropy, and has devised a set of guidelines to help him maximize his charitable investments.
The philanthropist, no less than the businessman, should search for synergies. Donors should seek initiatives that will benefit from the specific combination of their knowledge, interests, wealth, and expertise. ?In practical terms,? Hanna explains, this means we ?should contribute money to philanthropic activities in fields in which we?re already actively and even eagerly involved. It?s in such endeavors that our judgments of the charities are likely to be keener, and our own contributions?financial and otherwise?are likely to prove indispensable.?
Donors should also take special care to observe the leaders of the organizations they support. ?You get extraordinary results from great leadership,? says Hanna. ?They?re like good managers in business. In business, you?re always on the lookout for good managers.? Good leaders exhibit a number of qualities?honesty, creativity, humility?but Hanna is especially interested in leaders who expect accountability. To the extent that they can, good leaders will offer independently verifiable evidence of their efficiency and effectiveness. They welcome evaluation, seeing it as an opportunity for improvement. ?Those are the All-Stars. Those are the Cy Young pitchers.?
For similar reasons, Hanna advises investment in initiatives rather than institutions. He allows that ?institutions are relevant,? but immediately warns that ?it?s hazardous to put your faith in institutions.? A well-established institution, redolent of tradition, may seem like a suitable venue for a prudent endowment. But while institutions can change, endowments are forever. Funding temporary initiatives is one way to ensure that money is used in ways consistent with the donor?s intentions.
To illustrate the point, Hanna recalls the tale of an elderly gentleman, who at great expense funded a chair in Catholic Studies at a prestigious university some 50 years ago. The benefactor devoutly wished to see his endowment promote a better understanding of the faith he loved so dearly. Instead, he witnessed professor after professor use the position to launch vicious attacks upon the church. The thought of it was enough to bring the old man nearly to tears.
When supporting initiatives, however, donors must also take care not to foster dependency. Charities strive to instill independence in individuals, and philanthropists should replicate the effort with respect to organizations. Once the entrepreneurial stage of a charity has been financed, if the endeavor is meeting its objectives, it should be spurring the donations of others.? ?A philanthropist has a moral obligation to spend wisely, and to encourage this type of strategic planning,? says Hanna. Good intentions are certainly laudable, but they are in themselves insufficient. Effort is not the same as effect.
Philanthropists should never hesitate to draw upon their private sector expertise. In Hanna?s case, that means finance. His work requires him to persuade other people to let him use their money, in order to generate greater returns for all parties involved. An analogous strategy can be applied to philanthropy through the creation of matching grants. Matching grants allow an organization to use other people?s money to incentivize further fundraising, without diminishing the enthusiasm of other donors.
Nevertheless, Hanna recommends against philanthropists becoming too directly involved in fundraising. For a charity, it may seem to make good sense to ask donors to help work the phones?the multiplier effect of additional donor-raised contributions can potentially be quite substantial. For individual donors, however, it is not at all clear that the arrangement is beneficial. Those with a genuine talent for business may actually serve their causes better by restricting themselves to making money and donating the extra funds. Investing time and energy into fundraising may actually diminish total returns; for many entrepreneurs, the comparative advantage lies in generating wealth. Donors, he concludes, should generally resist the fundraising temptation.
Finally, Hanna believes that philanthropists should limit their attention to a few, select initiatives. ?With so many needy and worthy organizations and persons vying for attention, it?s hard to stay focused. Before long, you can find yourself involved in so many projects that you?re not really serving any of them well, and even your financial contributions are not being used effectively.? For Hanna, it all comes back to prudence. Properly practiced, philanthropy is prudential. Prudence, by its nature, involves an honest assessment of limitations, and limitations sometimes require one to say, ?No.?
***
Hanna focuses his own philanthropy on efforts to renew the culture. The longstanding debate over how best to do so?whether to engage in politics or in culture?is not satisfactorily resolved with an either/or answer; politics and culture inevitably influence and reflect each another. He is fond of quoting the late Sen. Daniel Patrick Moynihan: ?The central conservative truth is that it is culture, not politics, that determines the success of a society. The central liberal truth is that politics can change a culture and save it from itself.?
Still, Hanna has a clear idea of where to begin: ?By and large, the most leveraged point for renewing the culture is in education.? He has been thinking about educational reform for a long time. He was an undergraduate when the National Commission on Excellence in Education released its bombshell report,?Nation at Risk. Like many others, Hanna was appalled at the report?s findings. Unlike many others, he committed himself to creating sufficient capital to make significant investments in education reform.
Those investments have taken multiple forms. For a while, Hanna produced and hosted a weekly television program in Washington, D.C., called?One Room Schoolhouse, which sought to teach parents how to become more actively involved in the education of their children. He later helped secure the passage of Georgia?s first charter school bill, and has since lent his support to school choice initiatives.
But Hanna?s real passion is for Catholic education. Catholic schools, he explains, are particularly well suited to the task of educating the whole person. Their pedagogy is rooted in the affirmation of human dignity and of humanity?s transcendent vocation. Hanna believes that, unlike the public schools, religious schools have the ability to teach that truth exists, that the human mind can learn truth, and that knowledge of truth contributes to the life of virtue.
Unfortunately, many Catholic schools face serious financial difficulties. For a variety of reasons, Hanna says, ?the average Catholic school today does not have a viable business model.? And the problem is most acute for middle-class families. The wealthiest tenth can afford the tuition at elite Catholic academies, while the poorest tenth can avail themselves of externally subsidized inner-city Catholic schools. But for the eight-tenths in the middle, Catholic education is becoming ever more unaffordable.
To that end, Hanna has helped found several new schools to serve Atlanta?s Catholic population. In 1993, he joined a group of businessmen, educators, and lay leaders who, under the spiritual direction of the Legionaries of Christ, established the Pinecrest Academy in Cumming, Georgia. The school set down its roots in a rented building with a single class of 29 students. Today, it flourishes, offering pre-kindergarten through high school, and is spread across a handsome 68-acre campus.
Pinecrest?s success convinced Hanna to repeat the effort. In 1996, he helped found the Holy Spirit Preparatory School in northern Atlanta. Like Pinecrest, Holy Spirit provides classes from preschool through high school. It too is prospering, and has likewise proven a blessing for middle-class Catholic families.
Most recently, Hanna led the effort to found Solidarity School in Atlanta. Unlike Pinecrest and Holy Spirit, Solidarity was not built with middle-class families in mind. The school is located in a predominantly Hispanic neighborhood, in what had been a crime-infested shopping center. Hanna bought out the complex, renovated the facilities, and opened the doors to the first class of 12 children in the Fall of 2000. Today the school serves over 90 students, and forms an integral part of a planned urban village, with a mission church, community services, and locally owned small businesses. Parents of the students mostly work in construction or fast food, as maids or day laborers, but all are expected to buy into the project, either with tuition (set at $5 per week) or volunteer labor.
Students at Solidarity receive a phonics-based, English-immersion education. They wear uniforms, stay in school until 4:00 p.m., and take only four weeks off for summer. Expectations are high. The school hopes that, upon graduation, its students as a group will test at least one grade level above students in the public school system. And parents are plainly delighted. ?We heard in Mexico that public schools in America don?t give a lot of attention to Hispanic children,? one parent told theAtlanta Journal-Constitution. ?I feel very satisfied with this school. It?s a little like family here.?
Hanna is quick to point out that the school has lent validation to an argument often advanced by proponents of school choice. Solidarity has actually served to improve the local public school. As parents in the public school system became aware of Solidarity?s success, they began to push for reforms. Competition increased quality across the board. A note of satisfaction creeps into Hanna?s voice: ?Our dollar a day program really shook up the community.?
Is Solidarity?s success replicable? ?Maybe,? says Hanna, ?but it?s too early to tell if the model can be franchised.? But the school was never intended just to be an educational experiment. ?It was and is, first and foremost, a corporal work of mercy.?
It is a corporal work of mercy that has attracted some notice. Hanna?s work with Solidarity School contributed to his appointment as co-chair of the Presidential Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans, where he oversaw the production and delivery of the commission?s report,?From Risk to Opportunity.
From reading?Nation at Risk?to writing?From Risk to Opportunity, there has been a long arc to Hanna?s work in educational reform. It has been the work of a lifetime?long, patient, and characteristically prudent.
***
If educational reform represents an effort to renew the culture from the bottom-up, then public policy advocacy is a way to change the culture from the top-down. Because the task of cultural renewal cannot ignore politics, Hanna has strategically donated to groups that he believes are making real progress in preserving and extending the American experiment in ordered liberty.
In doing so, he rigorously applies his Principle of Indispensability, avoiding organizations where his contribution would be non-essential, and focusing instead on a few, medium-sized, high-impact public advocacy groups. He reserves his support for those groups that know how to really leverage their resources. ?Einstein is supposed to have said that the Eighth Wonder of the World is compound interest,? says Hanna. ?A similar compounding effect?where gains build on gains?can come from dedicated organizations.?
Hanna believes that one such dedicated organization is the Acton Institute. Acton is a research and education think tank that describes its mission as the promotion of ?a free, virtuous, and humane society? which ?recognizes the benefits of a limited government, but also the beneficent consequences of a free market.? Hanna discovered Acton through a column in?Forbes. The essay was written by the Institute?s president, Fr. Robert A. Sirico. Hanna was impressed. ?This guy?s good,? he thought. (The esteem is clearly mutual; Sirico says of Hanna that he ?inspires me with his friendship, loyalty, honesty, and faith.?) The more Hanna studied the Institute, the more impressed he became. ?Acton is the nation?s foremost advocate for a free market circumscribed by the Judeo-Christian ethic. They?re the best I?ve found. Best in class.? In addition to financial support, Hanna has offered his time and talent, serving on Acton?s Board of Directors as vice chairman.
Hanna has likewise been impressed by the work of the Federalist Society. Founded in 1982, the Society is composed of center-right legal professionals who take as their foundational principles the ideas that the purpose of the Constitution is the preservation of freedom, that to achieve this end the Constitution requires a strict separation of powers, and that the judiciary best serves the cause of freedom when it restricts itself to its limited constitutional responsibility. Under its auspices, a network of law students, professors, and practicing attorneys gather to discuss and debate these principles in light of current developments within the law. ?They are stalwart defenders of the rule of law,? says Hanna, ?who benefit from brilliant leadership that understands how to bring people into contact with ideas.?
Hanna is also willing to find and fund individuals who are making genuine contributions towards the protection of American civil society. ?Look at Maggie Gallagher,? says Hanna, referring to the president of the Institute for Marriage and Public Policy. ?[She] is a top-notch scholar, working on demonstrating the importance of marriage as a social institution.? He points to Robert P. George of Princeton University, who is not only ?one of the world?s leading authorities on natural law,? but is moreover ?doing really amazing work in bioethics.? Rick Santorum has long been ?one of the most consistent and effective voices for the family. He?ll continue to do that, because he?s fearless.? Hanna supports each of these individuals, because he believes their work is indispensable to the task of cultural renewal, and because he believes his support is indispensable to their efforts.
In all of this, Hanna has dutifully followed his own guidelines for how to make the indispensable philanthropic investment.
Take leadership, for instance. Hanna frequently underscores the importance of good leaders: ?people who work in a superlative manner, who lead with wisdom and humility, they?re the ones who get disproportionate results.? Others have noticed and responded. Sirico recalls that ?Frank and I got to know each other over a period of time, during which I realized he was taking my measure. Once he was convinced of the soundness of our approach?and, I suspect, of my personal integrity?Frank was ready to move forward.?
Leonard Leo, the executive vice president of the Federalist Society, noticed much the same thing. ?Frank understands that lasting success requires more than just good ideas and a marketing plan. You need talented people to direct and manage an effort each and every day. When you make investments in good people, they in turn make investments in causes that have high returns in terms of transforming our culture.? Leo pauses for a moment, then continues. ?It?s like the parable of the master who gave each of his slaves 50 talents?I doubt Frank would have much patience either for the one who buried the money, without making any effort to direct his talents to multiplying value.?
Among the organizations he supports, Hanna has made it his constant practice to search for opportunities to leverage the group?s influence. ?Frank is one of those Board members who continually asks hard questions of us,? Sirico explains. ?He looks beyond the enthusiasm for a project and wants to know hard facts about how influential an idea or program will be?not how many books we will publish, but how many people will read the information. He wants bang for the buck, and is highly strategic in his thinking.?
Leo says much the same. ?I think that Frank saw in the Federalist Society an opportunity to create significant value dollar-for-dollar, because we are in the business of creating an infrastructure of talented leaders whose reach could extend to addressing many, many different problems with our legal culture. The versatility and broad reach of this infrastructure lays a foundation for ranging, long-term impact, well beyond a small set of particularized successes.?
But most of all, Hanna is known for taking an active, personal role in the causes he supports. ?Frank is not so much a philanthropist as he is an investor,? says Kevin Hasson, of the Becket Fund for Religious Liberty, another group Hanna supports. ?He not only invests money in you, but he?s committed to improving what you do so that both you and he are more successful. Frank always asks questions that no one else has thought of. He forces us to improve in ways that we didn?t realize we needed.? Leo again wholeheartedly concurs: ?Frank is the kind of philanthropist who provides more than funding. He is a role model, showing how a proper application of faith to all aspects of your life can lead to a better appreciation of your vocation, and, in turn, the achievement of greater good for your fellow man.?
Sirico agrees. With a grin tugging at the corners of his mouth, he attests, ?if Frank gets involved, he jumps in at the deep end.?
Christopher Levenick is editor-in-chief of?Philanthropy?magazine.
?
Source: http://shannantaylor.wordpress.com/2012/10/27/the-call-of-the-philanthropist/
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I've greatly enjoyed watching the petty controversies that erupted this week, controversies having to do with what can only loosely be described as buyer's remorse: indignant iPad owners, a mysteriously banished Amazon customer, and a host of people calling foul on Facebook's promoted posts. One of these is a legitimate and productive complaint, the others are nothing but a froth about the mouth.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/wWfDpYM8bD4/
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The Electronic Frontier Foundation is looking forward to a future when 3D printing, thanks to "creative" patents, could no longer be free. Because the technology is so nascent, patenting parts of the process or renewing expiring patents could prevent incremental improvement of the technology out of fear or patent infringement. The EFF wants to head this off at the pass.Source: http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Techcrunch/~3/IDg_uq0Kwoo/
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Enable, I was sitting in front my computer system and it started acting unusual! Pop-ups were on my screen and I was not even surfing the web. My home web page was changed somehow and so did other web settings. My programs are at a crawl and general my personal computer is just not operating the way it needs to be.
If this sounds like your computer system, probabilities are you currently happen to be infected with some type of malicious computer software. A few sorts of application can infect your pc; some of they are spyware, a virus, a Trojan, plus a worm. Which is why you will need safety software.
Beneath can be a short and straight forward description on the application that can infect your pc and trigger poor efficiency.
Spyware is really a program that gathers details about the user by means of the world wide web without having their know-how. It monitors your web activity and passes this information to a further party without having your know-how. Spyware is developed for commercial get, as a result when it is actually installed inside your laptop or computer you?ll most likely get unsolicited pop-up ads. It can also collect your e mail addresses, passwords, and credit card numbers stored on your laptop or computer.
A virus is programming code or a piece of code that loads onto your personal computer devoid of your consent. A virus is also self-replicating by inserting copies into an executable code or documents. Any virus is unsafe because it makes use of up memory and brings your program to a halt.
A worm is a great deal like a virus within the truth that its self-replicating but differs inside the fact that it does not will need one other system to do so. A worm can spread itself without having any action from the user. A worm can attach itself to you address book and send a copy to everybody in it, then attaches itself to the receivers address book in addition, send it out to every person in that address book. Worms are unsafe and in the end can cause networks to crash.
Trojans are created as reputable application that you simply can download onto your computer system. When installed although, they?re able to be annoying and/or malicious. Annoying activities of a Trojan would be modifying your desktop about or silly icons appearing. Malicious harm from a Trojan is capable of deleting files on your laptop or computer and enabling individual and confidential material to become collected without you being conscious.
Stopping spyware and also other malicious application from infecting your laptop or computer by security application is lots much easier going on the net and acquiring a respected on-line scanning web site just after the fact. Usually if your computer system is infected, you could possibly not even be capable of get internet. Thus, prevention is more effective than fixing.
You can easily safeguard your laptop from malicious programs in lots of methods. Here really are a handful of ideas to think about.
Generally have the newest version of anti virus and anti spyware technologies on your computer. You are going to also really need to keep the plan files as much as date as a way to protect against newest threats.
Only download files from a trusted supply. When you?re not confident, run a virus scan on the file before downloading it or saving for your laptop or computer.
One can find limitless resources on the web supplying anti spyware and antivirus applications. A wide range of web pages provide you with zero cost on the web scans, and produce instructions for removal of any malicious programs on your computer. The moment you?ve got selected a properly known, (well-known becoming the optimal word) follow the instructions for installation very carefully to make sure that the scan will work effectively. Beneath are the most typical and well-known virus and spyware removal applications.
McAfee (mcafee.com) virus remover options up-to-date protection from the newest viruses and internet activity threats for the user. They have three key anti-virus and anti-spyware applications that you can select excellent for home and organization utilizes.
Microsoft has an anti spyware (microsoft.com) removal tool that you simply can use to scan your computer system. This functions mostly by reviewing and checking your files for unwanted computer software contents, and when located will be chosen and removed depending on the procedures indicated on the system. Just follow the tools and guides on how you could take away the infected files.
Ad Ware Private supplied by Lavasoft.com features scanning and fixing infected files and drives, detection of known and unknown but potentially damaging software program with its Code Sequence Identification (CSI) technologies. This program also features a spyware removal and capabilities of removing other damaging applications within your technique.
The above websites are just a couple of of anti spyware and anti virus removal programs that are out there online. Take the time and do the investigation and you will discover the proper safety software for your wants. After again, it really is imperative that the web-site you choose for the computer system security is credible.
If you want other data to the topic, make sure you search to Most Reliable Gaming Antivirus ? What?s The Optimal Antivirus For Gamers? as the earlier mentioned information would provide you with various other details around the matter.
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With the way the economy is these days, it is not unexpected, that many people are looking for ways to make some extra money.One of the best ways to do that is to make money on the Internet.While some people think that all opportunities to make money online are scams, others make cash every day.There are so many ways to get paid online.Some of them are free, others are paid.Some of them require skills, others don?t.Free online surveys are one of the best ways.Almost anyone can start doing that today, without spending a dime and without any skills.Let me share with you more things about that.
First of all, let?s discuss what online surveys are.All companies want to make more sales and money.That is obvious.And so they try to create better products.The easiest way for them to find what will make them more sales is just to ask different people what they like.And they are ready to pay you for your opinion.All you have to do is answer questions and try out products for free to make money from sharing your opinion.
If you are interested, you can find a lot of online surveys for money.All of them are free to join.Once you join, you will have to wait for an invitation from any company.They approve people based on their user surveys.A user survey is the first thing you will have to complete.You?ll have to answer a lot of questions about yourself such as your age, location, education, what products you like, what places you like to visit and other similar things.I would suggest you answer these questions correctly, because that way you will be invited for more surveys.I also would suggest you update your user survey often.That way you may qualify for more offers.
Free surveys are one of the easiest ways to make money on the Internet, but there are several main cons.One of the most important question for you is probably how much you will make.Go to Google and start searching for survey sites.You will find several sites offering you money, however unfortunately, most of them are scams.You can not become rich from online surveys for money.If you plan to become rich on the Internet, this is not for you.You will make money, but not too much.You can expect about $300 to $1,000/month.If you are serious about that, you will be able to make more. It?s up to you.If someone tells you that you will make $100 per hour, that is probably a scam.I have never made so much.If you want to try it, there is no guarantee that it is a scam, just be careful.
The next disadvantage is that most sites want you to pay them a one time fee.Fortunately there are a lot of totally free companies.You will find a lot of them.I would not suggest you pay them money to start.Most legitimate companies are absolutely free.Actually there are a lot of people that make money from surveys, so you will be limited.That?s why I would suggest you that register to as many companies as possible.You can work with 10 or even more.
Now let?s talk about the good things about this way of making money on the Internet.The first thing is you don?t need any skills. That is great because almost anyone can start doing this immediately.The next good thing is that you can work from home.Everyone will be happy to make money from the comfort of their own home.You will be able to start and cancel at any time.Next ? most of them pay via PayPal.It is one of the fastest ways to get paid.Some companies pay weekly, others monthly.It?s up to you which would you prefer.
There are many more ways to make money on the Internet.If you are interested in more ways, start searching.My personal opinion is that this is one of the fastest ways.You won?t become a millionaire, but you will make money.If you plan to make more, it is possible.Paid surveys can be your start in your Internet business.Think about that.Join for free and start doing that today.You won?t regret it.Start now.
This article was written by SilEnT on Thursday, October 25, 2012 at 11:40 am. You can follow any responses to this entry through the RSS feed. You can skip to the end and leave a response. Pinging is currently not allowed.Source: http://www.alltechnologynews.com/how-to-make-money-on-the-internet-with-free-online-surveys.html
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The government may not intentionally target Americans, or foreigners in the United States, but the law does not prohibit spies from reading communications between lawful targets and Americans who are inadvertently swept into the net Photograph by Thinkstock.
The Supreme Court will hear argument Monday in a case designed to put some Bush-Obama terror-related surveillance policies on trial. Brought by Amnesty International and other public-interest groups, the challenge reflects post-9/11 anxiety about an out-of-control executive branch, and, even more, a fantasy that courts will do anything about it. They won?t, and that?s a good thing.
In 1978, Congress passed the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act, which attempted to regulate the president?s use of wiretapping for national security purposes. In order to conduct surveillance of a ?foreign power? or its agents when their communications travel to or from the United States, federal officials would generally be required to obtain a warrant from the secret Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court. In trying to cast a wide net, the Bush administration may have violated this statute, as Steve Vladeck suggests, since the law requires the government to specifically identify the surveillance targets. To address this problem, Congress in 2008 passed the FISA Amendments Act, which authorizes the U.S. government to engage in mass surveillance abroad. The government may not intentionally target Americans (at home or abroad), or foreigners in the United States, but the law does not prohibit spies from reading communications between lawful targets and Americans who are inadvertently swept into the net.
Amnesty argues that this provision of the 2008 amendments violates the Fourth Amendment, which protects people from unreasonable searches. Monday?s case, called Clapper v. Amnesty International, does not tackle this question. The trial court dismissed Amnesty?s complaint not for any reason involving the Fourth Amendment, but rather because Amnesty lacked standing to challenge the warrantless wiretapping at issue. The Court of Appeals overturned the trial court?s decision, and now the Supreme Court must decide whether Amnesty may bring this lawsuit.
Standing is a famously messy area of the law. Reduced to its essentials, it means that a plaintiff may sue a defendant only if the plaintiff has suffered an injury at the defendant?s hands. ?Suppose that the police beat you up. You have standing to sue and recover damages. But suppose that you do not sue because you fear police retaliation. Could a bystander, fired by indignation that the police will escape punishment, sue instead? The answer is no: The bystander lacks standing because he did not suffer any injury. His suit gets thrown out.
Standing doctrine is said to come from Article III of the Constitution, which provides that the judicial power extends to ?cases? and ?controversies,? but courts during the founding era employed a looser notion of standing than they do today (and indeed did not even use the word).? Back then, people brought cases against lawless executive branch officials, and the Supreme Court didn?t object that they themselves had not been harmed. This began to change during the New Deal, when progressive justices thwarted challenges to FDR?s new agencies by denying standing to people who objected to them on ideological grounds. In the 1950s and 1960s, liberal justices reversed course and relaxed standing requirements, so that public interest groups could sue agencies and compel them to regulate properly. Then starting in the 1970s conservative justices started to tighten the rules for getting into court.?
In a famous case decided in 1992, the Supreme Court rejected a lawsuit brought by environmental organizations that challenged the government?s failure to apply the Endangered Species Act to overseas projects financed by government agencies. The groups claimed that some of their members planned to go overseas and might not be able to observe endangered animals like the Nile crocodile if the statute were not applied abroad. The court shed crocodile tears but held that the animal-loving plaintiffs lacked standing because their injury was not ?actual or imminent.? The court treated the environmental groups like the bystander, motivated by an ideological goal rather than the desire to obtain redress for a real harm they?d suffered. The case shows how the law of standing can prevent people from challenging government actions that may be illegal, but don?t directly affect them.
Source: http://feeds.slate.com/click.phdo?i=924759adbd16c57090bd5ed6c2a3fabf
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Source: http://www.banctecbpo.com/2012/10/how-outsourcing-can-improve-payment-processing/
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This booking photo provided by the Westminster, Colo., Police Department shows Austin Reed Sigg, 17, who has been arrested in the abduction and killing of a 10-year-old girl and the attempted kidnapping of a runner. Police say they arrested Sigg at his Westminster home Tuesday night, about five miles from the home of Jessica Ridgeway, who disappeared Oct. 5. Her body was found five days later in a field at a park. The break comes two days after police said Jessica's abduction was linked to the attempted abduction in May of a 22-year-old runner at another park. (AP Photo/Westminster Police Department)
This booking photo provided by the Westminster, Colo., Police Department shows Austin Reed Sigg, 17, who has been arrested in the abduction and killing of a 10-year-old girl and the attempted kidnapping of a runner. Police say they arrested Sigg at his Westminster home Tuesday night, about five miles from the home of Jessica Ridgeway, who disappeared Oct. 5. Her body was found five days later in a field at a park. The break comes two days after police said Jessica's abduction was linked to the attempted abduction in May of a 22-year-old runner at another park. (AP Photo/Westminster Police Department)
This booking photo released by the Westminster, Colo., Police Department shows Austin Reed Sigg. Police in this Denver suburb announced Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012, that Sigg, 17, has been arrested in the abduction and killing of a 10-year-old girl and the attempted kidnapping of a runner. Police say they arrested Sigg at his Westminster home Tuesday night, about five miles from the home of Jessica Ridgeway, who disappeared Oct. 5. Her body was found five days later in a field at a park. The break comes two days after police said Jessica's abduction was linked to the attempted abduction in May of a 22-year-old runner at another park. (AP Photo/Westminster Police Department)
Investigators remove items from what is believed to be Austin Reed Sigg's home at 10622 102nd Avenue Wednesday, Oct. 24, 2012 in Westminster, Colo. Sigg is being held for the murder of Jessica Ridgeway. (AP Photo/Barry Gutierrez)
This image provided by the Westminster Colorado Police Department shows Jessica Ridgeway, who went missing on her way to school on Oct. 5. A body found in a suburban Denver park was identified Friday, Oct. 12, 2012, as that of the missing 10-year-old girl, as anxious parents kept close watch over their children because of the potential presence of a predator in their midst, authorities said. (AP Photo/Westminster Colorado Police Department)
District Attorney Scott Storey talks to the media after a hearing for Austin Reed Sigg, 17, the suspect in connection with the death of 10-year-old Jessica Ridgeway at the Jefferson County Courthouse in Golden, Colo., on Thursday, Oct. 25, 2012. Ridgeway disappeared Oct. 5 after leaving home for school. Her remains were found 5 days later. (AP Photo/Ed Andrieski)
GOLDEN, Colo. (AP) ? Mindy Sigg sat sobbing on Thursday, listening to prosecutors tell a court that her 17-year-old son had confessed to the abduction and killing of 10-year-old Jessica Ridgeway.
While any mother would be devastated, there was an even more heartbreaking wrinkle for Sigg: She was the one who called police.
It was not the only high-profile case this week in which a mother made that painful choice. In New Jersey, Anita Saunders saw something on a Facebook page that led her to call police.
Her two sons, ages 15 and 17, are now charged with murdering 12-year-old Autumn Pasquale, a bike-lover who authorities said was lured to their home with the promise of new parts.
What does it feel like to turn in your child, knowing they could be sentenced to many years in prison? Surely, no one knows but those who've done it.
But a main motivation, according to one criminologist, is simply a desire to do the right thing.
"These are law-abiding people, pro-social people," said Kathleen Heide, professor of criminology at the University of South Florida. "And besides doing the right thing, the parents often want to get their children help."
What they often aren't aware of, though, are the full ramifications in terms of likely punishment.
"If these are cases of first- or second-degree murder, in most cases the kids will be charged as adults," Heide said. "This means they can be sentenced to life in prison."
In both cases, authorities are deciding whether to prosecute the suspects as adults.
Certainly not all parents are ready to turn in their kids. One high-profile case from the 1990s, in fact, resulted in strains between the United States and Israel, when a father helped his teenage son escape this country after a particularly brutal murder in Maryland. The son, Samuel Sheinbein, confessed and is now serving a 24-year sentence in Israel ? a lighter term than he likely would have gotten in the United States.
Mindy Sigg made a different decision. Reached by phone on Wednesday, she told The Associated Press: "I made the phone call, and he turned himself in. That's all I have to say." Then she broke down in tears.
Her son Austin Reed Sigg made his first court appearance Thursday in the death of Jessica and in a separate attack on a 22-year-old runner, who managed to break free, in May.
Prosecutors say he has confessed in both cases, and investigators have overwhelming DNA evidence against him. He was ordered held without bail; Prosecutors are expected to formally charge him next week.
"I think that was the most loving, difficult thing she did," Peg Claspell, who lives near the Siggs, said about the mother's decision. "I'm grateful that she did. I can't imagine the pain for her and she's in my prayers. She has a long and difficult time ahead of her."
Her husband, Tom, struggled when asked if he would turn in a child. "I can say yes, but I don't know if I would. It would be a very hard thing to do," he said, explaining it would depend on the severity of the crime.
In a case like this, "I probably would," he said.
In the New Jersey case, Justin Robinson, 15, and Dante Robinson, 17, have been charged with murder and other counts in the death of 12-year-old Autumn, whose body was found Monday stuffed in a recycling bin only blocks from her home in Clayton.
An autopsy found the seventh-grader suffered blunt force trauma consistent with strangulation.
The boys are due in court Friday for a hearing to determine if they will remain in custody.
What's rare about both cases, said Heide, the criminologist, is that boys of this age rarely kill girls, especially girls so young. "Usually boys this age kill other males, and in their own age cohort," she said.
Jessica disappeared three weeks ago after leaving her home in the Denver suburb of Westminster to walk to school. She never arrived. Her remains were found on Oct. 10. Sigg was taken into custody late Tuesday after police received the mother's phone call. He lived about a mile from Jessica.
Sigg wore a blue-green jail uniform and had a light goatee when he appeared in a heavily guarded courtroom in Golden.
Four of his family members were seated in the court, and they sobbed at times during the hearing.
When District Judge Ann Gail Meinster asked Sigg if a parent was present, he said "Yes" and looked toward his relatives. He then mostly sat with his head bowed.
Seven of Jessica's family members sat in the courtroom with their arms around each other. Sigg glanced in their direction just once.
Public defender Ryan Loewer had argued for setting bail for Sigg, saying he has no prior criminal history. Prosecutor Hal Sargent said Sigg had confessed and investigators had a strong case.
"There's DNA evidence, and the evidence is overwhelming," he said.
After the hearing, Jefferson County District Attorney Scott Storey said prosecutors cannot seek the death penalty for Sigg because he is a minor.
Storey said the law is unclear on whether Sigg could be sentenced to life in prison.
The U.S. Supreme Court ruled in 2005 that the death penalty was unconstitutional for minors. Colorado law allows for life sentences for juveniles convicted of serious crimes, but it would be up to a judge to determine whether that's appropriate, Storey said.
Storey declined to discuss the possibility that Sigg might enter an insanity plea.
Former high school classmates painted a picture of Sigg as an intelligent teen who often wore black and complained about school but who would stay late sometimes to work on computers. Sigg was interested in mortuary science and was taking forensics classes, said Rachel Bradley, 17, who attended Standley Lake High School with him.
At the time of his arrest, Sigg was enrolled at Arapahoe Community College, which offers the state's only accredited mortuary science program.
Sigg left Standley Lake High in July after finishing the 11th grade and later earned a GED. School officials don't know why he left.
Former schoolmate Sarah Morevec said Sigg had been bullied for having a high voice.
___
Noveck contributed from New York. Associated Press writers Dan Elliott and Kristen Wyatt in Denver contributed to this report.
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